This is a term paper for the course “Philosophy of History”—an M.Phil. History course in Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. This course focused on comparative analysis of philosophies of history drawn from the writings of ancient to modern historians.
Background: This paper is a part of a collection of old research papers (1976-1981) written as course requirements. The collection tells us a very interesting history of methods available to students to submit assignments to their professors; (a) hand-written on lined papers (b) manually typewritten and finally (c) electronically type written (no option of autocorrection or spellcheck. Whitener pen was used to make corrections). Further, these papers show language and grammar difficulties of a student who studied from Urdu-medium school and college. It was the time when no language/grammar editing was available and professors were lenient for grammatical errors.
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